Name: Savani Manisha R,
Paper: Literary theory and criticism,
Topic: Aristotle, the theory of mimeses
Roll no: 15
M.A: 2
Year -2012-13
Submitted To,
Dr, Dilip Barad.
English department,
M.K Bhavnagar University
Aristotle
belongs to the 1st century b.c he was the displine of Plato .but he
was not impressed by the extreme point of view of his master reading
contributed to all the branch of study through his deep neutral thinking. He
expresses his view on poets and poetry in his famous book the’ poetic’. His
comments on poetry are answer to Plato objection to poetry and poets . Unlike Plato, Aristotle looks at poetry without any prejudice criticize all the major
literary forms like epics, lyric , tragedy and comedy in his book . He observes
that all fine arts essentially included imitation. He emphasis es the view that
the chief function and not to teach
moral lesson .Aristotle had the Greek models on hand when he commented upon poetry. He distinguishes
of the human mind. He says that any work of art included three elements . They
are the object, imitation ,the medium in which the object is presented and the
way in which the object is treated . Aristotle at length, discusses the tragedy
in ‘The poetics ‘ and gives the definition of tragedy that ‘’if the poet
imitates something less than life ‘he also gives something more. He further observes that any work of art is not the exact imitation of the object proper.
In other words , art is not the carbon copy of life. He says that the
artistcreates something more than the physical object through his imagination .
In that case the part is greater than the whole.
Aristotle shows the importance of the poetics,
truth and comments on poetry solely from aesthetic point of view. He told about
the design or the format of work of art. He says that any work of art offers
an organic whole , Moreover, he observes that the artist presents probable
impossibilities rather than possible improbability in a work of art . It means
the artist tells about the probability of the actual events. The things of the
actual events. The things that may not have happened in real life, may take
place in poetry . the artist is not interested
in the events of life only sometimes the events might have happened in
real life but if they look improbable or unconvincing in poetry, the poet would
avoided to depict such events in a work of art . Through the term probable
impossibilities Aristotle gives answer to the tragedy , Aristotle gives the
term ‘Katharina means purgation of emotions . Kathasis is a Greek word and it
refers to the purification of the passions of our minds . When we watch the stage
, we, as avoidance, identity ourselves with the hero of the tragedy and through
pity and fear we sympathies with the hero. We may not be put in the same
condition in real life . our evil through are purified by watching the tragedy
. Aristotle believes that art should not be necessarily didactic and art is not
a slavish imitation of reality .
Aristotle did not invent the term
‘’imitation’’ Plato was the first use the word in connection with poetry but
Aristotle breathes into its new and definite meaning ,so that poetic imitation
no longer remains mere mimicry a mere act of servile copying but becomes an act
of imaginative creation by makes something new out of it.
In Aristotle’s view
it is the principle of imitation which unites poetry with the other fine arts.
Imitation is the common basis of all the fine arts, and it is this fact of
imitation which difference the fine arts from the other category of arts of
Example the useful arts . While plato has equated poetry with painting ,
Aristotle equates it with music. It no longer remains a mere servile
representation of the surface or the appearance of things ,but in his theory it
becomes a representation of the surface or the appearance of things ,but in his
theory it becomes a representation of
the passions and emotions men, which are also imitated by music Thus Aristotle by his theory enlarged the scope of imitated
by music.
In plato we have seen the ancient
quarrel between philosophy and poetry ,As against that Aristotle examines the
nature and qualities of imaginative literature with a view to justify that . It
is true serious and useful wheres plato says that it is falls trivicol and
harmful.
All kinds of poetry for example epic,
tragic ,comic etc or presentation . All kinds of poetry are distinguish by
their medium the aspects of life they represent and the way in which it is repress for ex The painter and poet.
Aristotle examines the nature and different qualities of imagination literature with a view to established that
it is true serious and useful where as plato says that it is false trivial and harmful Aristotle examine . The books with which he was familiar . He describes
what he literature is rather then what it should be he describes the nature and
function of literature and the value that emerges from its functions.
He defiance of poetry Aristotle says
that the poet does not merely imitated or represent particular event or
situation which he happens to have noted .
He
handles OT in such way that he brings out its universal characteristic elements.
Thus he makes the thing batter irrespective of it’s historical truth .
According to Aristotle the poet works ‘’According to the lock of probability or necessity’’not according to the chance observation. Thus he is more scientific
and serious then the historian . Historian is restartable to they range of actual happenings only. He can not depict the think what is more probable
according to the human physiology.
The poet creates his own self officiant word in which the happening of
his story are probable.Because his world is based on the elements of real
world .There for his world is an illumination of the accepts of the real
world. Thus he goes very nearer to truth.
For example in paradise lost Satan
is a villain but he is described by poet such a way that we fed it is hero
through he is villain his qualities makes him great.
Thus this is a difference between art and
craft technique Pius vision but only craft can not produce . All art implies
craftsmanship but all craftsmanship does not necessarily produce art. This
leads as to the philosophical question of the nature and value of poetry.
Thus Aristotle reject all the
objections of plato to poetry and thereby defends poets from the attack of plato
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