Name: Savani Manisha R,
Paper: (104) Translation studies
Topic: The history of Translation studies
Roll no: 15
M.A: 2
Year -2012-13
Submitted To,
Dr, Dilip Barad.
English department,
M.K Bhavnagar University
The history of Translation.
What is Translation?
Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production , in another language of an equivalent text that communicates the same message.
Nomenclatures and the concepts:
Translation in its narrowest sense of the world is to turn into another something from one language Etymologically this term has its roots in the Latin language .In Latin ‘’translation means ‘’carrying across or ‘’ ‘’bringing across “ The Latin translation derives from the past participle ‘’translation of translation’’
Translation its nature and strategies:
Translation is indispensable in the field of literature those days . Translation opens a pathway to literature written in alien languages. Literature and knowledge systems of different people, using different language can be accessed through translation only. It is in that sense ,a bridge that makes the journeys into newer territories of alien literary scope possible . Every language can enrich itself by translation by best creative from other languages.
Translation studies:
Throughout history written and spoken translations have played a crucial role in inter human communication not least in providing access to important text for scholarship and religious purpose yet the study of translation as an academic subject has only really began in the past fifty years . In the English speaking world . In this disciplines now generally known . In his key defining paper delivered in 1972 , but not widely available until 1988, homes describes the them nascent the concerned with the complex of problems declared round the phenomenon of translation and translation.
v Translation studies can be divided into two part:
a) Descriptive Translation studies:
b) Theoretical translation studies:
The former describes the phenomena of translation as manifested in the world of one’s experience ,while the letter tries to establish general principles by means of which this phenomena can be studied and applied . structuralism Theorist Roman Jacobson , in his article ,an Linguistics aspects of translation distinguishes there type of translation.
Interlingual translation or rewording:
An interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the some language.
Interlingual translation or translation:
An interlingual translation an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language.
Intersemiatic translation or transmutation:
An interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non verbal signs system.
Translation accomplished by three stages:
v Pre translation:
This is initial stage o translation during this stage the translator selects the text tube translated from source text.
v Act of translation :
This stage can further be divided into three activates :
v Codification
v De-codification
v Re- codification
1) Codifications requires the close reading of the source text.
2) De – confiscation involves Re –codification
interpretation of the source text
3) Re- codification the strategies of translation
vPost translation :
The translator scans and compares the text in target language with that of the source language and makes necessary alteration and modification.
Strategies of translation :
Deletion-
While attempting translation a translator after comes across a number of words that are untranslable in the target language.
Substitution :
When exact equivalent is not available in the target language.
Retention and Additation:
In the absence of exact equivalent in TL, such can be retain as they are and the translator may after an explanation in footnote or gloss them.
The role of the receptor in the development of principles and practices of translation has become more important than it was it.
1) The reaction which a particular translation arises in the receptor
2)The expectation which receptor have as to what constitutes legitimate translation
Process:
Process can be divided into three stages
Ø Pr-translation
Ø translation
Ø post –translation
· Decoding the meaning of SL
· Re –coding the meaning in the TL
The process of decoding and Recoding can be understand with diagram during the process of translation the translator decodes the given message and interpreters the text and then recodes it into another l
Measuring success:
As the goal of translation is ensure that the source text and target text communicate the same message . While taking into account the constraints placed on the translation
1) Faithfulness also called ‘’fidelity’’ which is the extent to which the translation accurately renders the meaning of the source text, without adding to it or subtracting from it, and without intensifying or weakening any part of the meaning.
4) Transparency:
Which is the extent to which the translation appears to a native speaker of the target language to have originally been written in that language and conforms to the language’s grammatical ‘ syntactic and idiomatic conventions.
Various kind of Translation:
1) specialized Translation
2) commercial translation
3) video – game translation
4) Legal Translation
5) Literary Translation
6) Medical translation
7 ) pedagogic translation
8) scientific translation
9)Technical translation
10)Dubbing Translation
11)Auto translation and machine translation
12) Culture translation
13) Horizontal and vertical translation
14) Bible translation
In which the bible translation
v Bible Translation:
The history of translation begin with religion and eventually lead into secure culture . Language has always been a critical element of religion . To every culture its language has always been sacred Therefore, the issue of translating one’s scriptures into another language has always been viewed critically
Brief history of translation:
In the history of the Judeo- Christian Islamic world , three are three key periods which determine and define those three civilizations , all three periods are characterized by high level of activity in the field of translation.
1) The Romans
2) Translation in the neo- classical period
3) The trailblazers of renaissance
4) Translation in post romantic and Victorian period
5 ) Translation theory of the 19th and early
20thcentury in Britain.
6) Translation in romantic age
7) Translation in 20thcentury
Translation in Romantic Age:
The Romantic in the Early 19th century were able to translation of the proceeding century give the act of translation an twist .they rejected the and emphasized the crucial role, imagination Coleridge in his Biographic Literati had distinguished between fancy and imagination giving the letter sole parts of creativity. Thus translation too was viewed in terms of imagination it would be more congruous to think of the period in two distinct divides
v Romanticism in England
v Romanticism in Germany
Ø The philosophical Theories of translation:
Prior to the word war 2theories of translation were based essentially an philological comparisons of text. Hillarie Belloc’s insightful treatment of translations represents this philological approach . His deliberation translation is a brief but highly intellectual and systematic approach to the practical problem of translating.
0
Name: Savani Manisha R,
Paper: (104) Translation studies
Topic: The history of Translation studies
Roll no: 15
M.A: 2
Year -2012-13
Submitted To,
Dr, Dilip Barad.
English department,
M.K Bhavnagar University
The history of Translation.
What is Translation?
Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production , in another language of an equivalent text that communicates the same message.
Nomenclatures and the concepts:
Translation in its narrowest sense of the world is to turn into another something from one language Etymologically this term has its roots in the Latin language .In Latin ‘’translation means ‘’carrying across or ‘’ ‘’bringing across “ The Latin translation derives from the past participle ‘’translation of translation’’
Translation its nature and strategies:
Translation is indispensable in the field of literature those days . Translation opens a pathway to literature written in alien languages. Literature and knowledge systems of different people, using different language can be accessed through translation only. It is in that sense ,a bridge that makes the journeys into newer territories of alien literary scope possible . Every language can enrich itself by translation by best creative from other languages.
Translation studies:
Throughout history written and spoken translations have played a crucial role in inter human communication not least in providing access to important text for scholarship and religious purpose yet the study of translation as an academic subject has only really began in the past fifty years . In the English speaking world . In this disciplines now generally known . In his key defining paper delivered in 1972 , but not widely available until 1988, homes describes the them nascent the concerned with the complex of problems declared round the phenomenon of translation and translation.
v Translation studies can be divided into two part:
a) Descriptive Translation studies:
b) Theoretical translation studies:
The former describes the phenomena of translation as manifested in the world of one’s experience ,while the letter tries to establish general principles by means of which this phenomena can be studied and applied . structuralism Theorist Roman Jacobson , in his article ,an Linguistics aspects of translation distinguishes there type of translation.
Intralingual translation or rewording:
An interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the some language.
Interlingual translation or translation:
An interlingual translation an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language.
Intersemiatic translation or transmutation:
An interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non verbal signs system.
Translation accomplished by three stages:
v Pre translation:
This is initial stage o translation during this stage the translator selects the text tube translated from source text.
v Act of translation :
This stage can further be divided into three activates :
v Codification
v De-codification
v Re- codification
1) Codifications requires the close reading of the source text.
2) De – confiscation involves Re –codification
interpretation of the source text
3) Re- codification the strategies of translation
vPost translation :
The translator scans and compares the text in target language with that of the source language and makes necessary alteration and modification.
Strategies of translation :
Deletion-
While attempting translation a translator after comes across a number of words that are untranslable in the target language.
Substitution :
When exact equivalent is not available in the target language.
Retention and Additation:
In the absence of exact equivalent in TL, such can be retain as they are and the translator may after an explanation in footnote or gloss them.
The role of the receptor in the development of principles and practices of translation has become more important than it was it.
1) The reaction which a particular translation arises in the receptor
2)The expectation which receptor have as to what constitutes legitimate translation
Process:
Process can be divided into three stages
Ø Pre-translation
Ø translation
Ø post –translation
· Decoding the meaning of SL
· Re –coding the meaning in the TL
The process of decoding and Recoding can be understand with diagram during the process of translation the translator decodes the given message and interpreters the text and then recodes it into another l
Measuring success:
As the goal of translation is ensure that the source text and target text communicate the same message . While taking into account the constraints placed on the translation
1) Faithfulness also called ‘’fidelity’’ which is the extent to which the translation accurately renders the meaning of the source text, without adding to it or subtracting from it, and without intensifying or weakening any part of the meaning.
4) Transparency:
Which is the extent to which the translation appears to a native speaker of the target language to have originally been written in that language and conforms to the language’s grammatical ‘ syntactic and idiomatic conventions.
Various kind of Translation:
1) specialized Translation
2) commercial translation
3) video – game translation
4) Legal Translation
5) Literary Translation
6) Medical translation
7 ) pedagogic translation
8) scientific translation
9)Technical translation
10)Dubbing Translation
11)Auto translation and machine translation
12) Culture translation
13) Horizontal and vertical translation
14) Bible translation
In which the bible translation
v Bible Translation:
The history of translation begin with religion and eventually lead into secure culture . Language has always been a critical element of religion . To every culture its language has always been sacred Therefore, the issue of translating one’s scriptures into another language has always been viewed critically
Brief history of translation:
In the history of the Judeo- Christian Islamic world , three are three key periods which determine and define those three civilizations , all three periods are characterized by high level of activity in the field of translation.
1) The Romans
2) Translation in the neo- classical period
3) The trailblazers of renaissance
4) Translation in post romantic and Victorian period
5 ) Translation theory of the 19th and early
20thcentury in Britain.
6) Translation in romantic age
7) Translation in 20thcentury
Translation in Romantic Age:
The Romantic in the Early 19th century were able to translation of the proceeding century give the act of translation an twist .they rejected the and emphasized the crucial role, imagination Coleridge in his Biographic Literaria had distinguished between fancy and imagination giving the letter sole parts of creativity. Thus translation too was viewed in terms of imagination it would be more congruous to think of the period in two distinct divides
v Romanticism in England
v Romanticism in Germany
Ø The philosophical Theories of translation:
Prior to the word war 2theories of translation were based essentially an philogical comparisons of text. Hillarie Belloc’s insightful treatment of translations represents this philological approach . His deliberation translation is a brief but highly intellectual and systematic approach to the practical problem of translating.
0
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